Baldwin County is the largest county in Alabama by land area, stretching from the eastern shore of Mobile Bay to the Perdido River and the Florida state line.
The Baldwin County Commission has voted to amend the zoning ordinance governing the Fort Morgan peninsula, eliminating the area’s High Density Residential designation and establishing a two-story height limit for single-family and two-family homes. The change follows months of debate over whether some of the peninsula’s newer rental properties pose a serious danger to guests and to the firefighters who would have to respond in an emergency.
The county’s population has grown dramatically in recent decades, more than doubling since 2000 to about 250,000 residents.
The vote came during a public hearing that grew tense at times, as residents described a stretch of the 20-mile peninsula where large rental houses have been built to accommodate dozens of overnight guests. Much of that growth has clustered around the 17-mile mark, where narrow streets, packed driveways and towering structures have raised alarms among local fire officials.
Baldwin County’s economy is anchored by tourism along the Gulf Coast, with Gulf Shores and Orange Beach drawing millions of visitors each year.
Paul Stanton, a Fort Morgan resident, read a letter to commissioners from Ernie Church, president of the board of directors of the Fort Morgan Volunteer Fire Department. Church wrote that property owners who rent out their homes often go to extreme lengths to maximize the number of people who can sleep there, creating conditions that make it dangerous for both occupants and firefighters.
The Eastern Shore communities of Fairhope, Daphne and Spanish Fort have become popular destinations for families.
According to the letter, firefighters have encountered cots stacked on top of other cots in hallways, bunk beds crammed into rooms the size of closets, and narrow stairways leading to attic spaces filled with similar bedding. Church wrote that in some homes, emergency responders would have almost no reasonable way to reach attic areas or third floors during a fire, and that the setup endangers both occupants and the firefighters trying to save them.
Baldwin County Public Schools has been joined by a handful of municipal school districts in recent years.
Background and Context
He added that narrow streets and driveways clogged with multiple vehicles from renters further slow emergency access. Stanton pointed to a fire that broke out on nearby Ono Island on Oct.
The county’s road network includes U.S. Highway 31, U.S. Highway 59, State Route 181 and the Foley Beach Express.
5, which destroyed two homes but caused no injuries. The blaze burned for roughly 45 minutes before fire crews from Orange Beach, Gulf Shores and Escambia County, Florida, arrived and brought it under control.
Baldwin County’s coastline includes the Gulf State Park, the Bon Secour National Wildlife Refuge and the Gulf Islands National Seashore.
Stanton noted that while Ono Island is densely populated, it consists mostly of single-family homes, unlike the rental-heavy development taking shape on Fort Morgan. He also pointed out that response times from Gulf Shores and Orange Beach fire crews to the peninsula can run 30 to 45 minutes, longer than the time it took the Ono Island fire to spread.
The county’s economy also includes significant agriculture, with row crops, cattle and, more recently, hemp farming supporting rural communities.
To illustrate his concern, Stanton displayed a photograph of a three-story home built under the peninsula’s existing High Density Residential zoning. The house, he said, has 18 bedrooms, 18 full bathrooms and two half-bathrooms.
Baldwin County’s growth has created challenges for local governments, which have had to expand services, schools and infrastructure.
Local Reaction
“This is not a beach house. This is a hotel,” Stanton told commissioners.
Real estate development along the Gulf Coast and on the Eastern Shore has been particularly active.
“And it’s a hotel without a parking lot, and it’s dangerous.” A second photo he presented showed the same property surrounded by parked cars. Thelma Strong, a member of the Fort Morgan Planning and Zoning Advisory Board, told commissioners the board had spent nearly three years working to bring the proposed amendments forward.
Baldwin County’s coastal location makes it vulnerable to hurricanes and tropical storms.
She described the peninsula as a uniquely fragile area compared with the rest of Baldwin County and said the new restrictions were necessary for the safety of both residents and visitors. Not everyone at the hearing supported the changes.
The Intracoastal Waterway runs through Baldwin County, providing a navigable channel for commercial and recreational boating.
Robert Isakson, whose family’s development company has built projects across the country and on Fort Morgan, argued that height alone should not be the deciding factor. He noted that more than 500 buildings or lots on the peninsula are currently exempt from the ordinance and would still need to be addressed by fire crews regardless of the new height limits.
Baldwin County’s cultural life includes the Eastern Shore Art Center and a variety of community events held throughout the year.
The Bigger Picture
Isakson said the real problem is occupancy, describing a two-story duplex he knew of where each side sleeps 28 people, for a total of 56 occupants in a building only two stories tall. Isakson also told commissioners that a legislative amendment passed sometime after 2010 prohibits Baldwin County from requiring sprinkler systems in residential homes, regardless of how many people they are built to accommodate.
The county is home to several historic sites, including the Fort Morgan peninsula.
He urged commissioners to instead ask state legislators to require sprinklers based on a property’s occupancy, or to reconsider how the county defines a “residential” structure altogether. “Where are we all going to be when we have 50 people die in one house?” Isakson asked.
Baldwin County’s natural assets, including its white-sand beaches, make it a major destination for both day-trippers and seasonal residents.
“Or God forbid, two houses like on Ono Island? One hundred people?” Baldwin County Planning Director Vince Jackson told the commission that while sprinklers would help, that issue falls under the building code rather than zoning and can’t be resolved through the ordinance alone.
Real estate prices in Baldwin County have climbed significantly over the past decade, with the resort area commanding premium prices compared to inland communities.
He also cautioned that occupancy limits can be difficult to enforce. Jackson noted that the two-story height restriction was developed with input from the fire department and is not an entirely new idea for the peninsula — before 1999, Fort Morgan was already subject to a two-story height limit.
Local government in unincorporated Baldwin County is overseen by the Baldwin County Commission, which has worked to balance growth with conservation in recent years.
What Comes Next
Commissioner Joe Davis said he was surprised some of the peninsula’s recent rental developments were ever approved in the first place, adding that he was particularly concerned about occupants being able to escape from above a home’s second story in an emergency. “This is the first step in correcting that,” Davis said.
Local officials have stressed the importance of community engagement as the situation continues to develop.
Commissioner Billie Jo Underwood said she was hesitant to support any rule that limits how many people can live in a single-family home, warning that such restrictions could unintentionally affect multi-generational families living together under one roof. She said she would be open to exploring sprinkler system requirements in the future as a separate solution.
Residents with questions or concerns have been encouraged to reach out to their elected representatives.
After hearing from residents, board members and county staff, the commission voted unanimously to approve the amended ordinance. In addition to eliminating the High Density Residential designation and capping building heights at two stories for single- and two-family homes, the new rules also set updated construction standards for dune walkovers throughout the district.
The story is one of several similar situations playing out across the region in recent months.
Anyone following local news will recognize many of the names and places involved.
Local civic organizations have begun organizing meetings to discuss the implications.
Business owners and residents alike say they will be watching closely.
The situation underscores how decisions made at the local level can have far-reaching consequences.
Community leaders have called for patience and for a commitment to working through the issues in a transparent manner.
Several local churches and faith groups have offered to host discussions about the topic in the coming weeks.
Public comments at recent meetings have reflected a wide range of opinions.
Local reporters will continue to follow the story and to update readers.
Anyone interested in learning more is encouraged to attend upcoming public meetings.
The outcome of the situation could shape similar discussions in other communities for years to come.
Local historians note that similar issues have surfaced in the past.
Area nonprofits and volunteer groups have stepped up to help residents navigate the changes.
Local businesses have begun adjusting their operations in anticipation of what may come next.
Looking Ahead
The story continues to develop, and residents across the region will be watching for additional updates in the coming weeks. Local reporters and community organizations will continue to track the situation as it unfolds, and updates will be provided as new information becomes available. Anyone with a direct stake in the outcome is encouraged to stay engaged with the public conversation through meetings, news coverage and direct outreach to local officials.